Cooling system



N. S. DIAMANT v COOLING SYSTEM Nov 16 1926.

Filed August 5, 192; i

Patented Nov. 16, 1926.

I UNITED NICHOLAS S. DIAMANT, OFLOCKPORT, NEW YORK. H

) cooLmo SYSTEM.

Application filed August 3, 1921. Serial No. 489,464.

This invention relates to systems for regravity between the hot liquidin the water moving excess heat from the circulating or jackets and thecooled liquid in the radiator, cooling fluid used in connection with anthe heavier cool liquid flowing downwardly internal combustion engine,and more parandthe hot liquid in the jackets upwardly,

B ticularly to systems of this kind in which thus producing acirculation. If, however, the water or other cooling fluid is'permittedthe liquid in the radiator should not be to boil in the engine jacketsand in which cooled and should be of approximately the the vapor only ispassed into a radiator or same temperature as that in the engine thelike andv condensed, the condensate jackets, no circulation would beproduced '10 being returned to the circulating fluidl, by thethermosiphon system. In cooling The objects of the invention are toprosystems of the radio-condenser type, the ride a system of this kindin which the usual liquid is circulated byv means of a pump circulatingpump for the cooling medium without passing. through 'a radiator and iseliminated; also to provide a system of only the vapor arising from theheated 15 this kind in which the cooling liquid cirliquid is passedthrough the radiator, where culates in a circuit Whichisentirelyseparate it is condensed, the condensate being refrom the circuit inwhich the vapor or steam turned to the cooling liquid. In this last andcondensate are caused to flow; also to described system, a circulatingpump has 7 provide means of improved construction invariably been usedfor circulating the 2 for returning the condensate to the cooling liquidthrough the jackets of the engine. medium; also to provide a radiator ofim- I hax e found that'it is possible in a system proved constructionfor use in connection in which the vapor only passes through the with acooling system of this kind; also to radiator, to provide a circulationof the improve cooling systems of this kind'in hot liquid through theengine, without the.

'other respects hereinafter specified. use of a pump. This can beaccomplished In the accompanying drawings: by providing passages ofcomparatively Fig. 1 is a side elevation partly in sectlon large crosssectional area for the liquid, so of anengine providedwith a coolingsystem as -to reduce the resistance to the flow of embodying theinvention. the liquid, and the currents producing the Fig. 2 is a sideelevation of an engine circulation of the liquid are set up due toprovided with a cooling system of slightly the ebullition orboiling ofthe liquid in the modified'construction. engine jackets. Theseebullitional currents Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the are probablydue .to' the presence of small arrangement of the parts when theradiator particles of. vapor in the boiling liquid in is located abovethe engine. i the engine jackets, which naturally rise Fi 4: is afragmentary top plan view of violently on account of their buoyancy anda ra iator of the kind shown in Fig. 2. produce a positive and forciblecirculation. Arepresents an internal combustion en- These ebullitionalcurrents produce a more gine having a plurality of cylinders prorapidflow of the circulating liquid than Oil vided with jackets for a coolingmedium is produced under the most-favorable con:

such as water or other liquid. The cooling dit-ions in a thermosiphonsystem, the flow medium carries heat from the cylinder walls being rapidenough to produce an agitating and different means have heretofore beenaction like that produced when a pump is devised for removing excessiveheat from used, even though the temperature of the the cooling liquid.In engines as commonly liquid in both columns is approximately thebuilt, a water circulating system including same, since the heat lost inthe return an air cooled radiator is used and the water column isnegligible. p passes through the radiator and back to the In theembodiment of the invention shown jackets of the engine. Generally acircuin Fig. 1, the liquid from the upper ends of lating pump is used toensure a'constant the water jackets is discharged into apasflow ofcooling medium through the cylsage 7) connecting with the jackets of allof inder jackets, although this pump is not the cylinders and thispassage terminates essential in some engines which are conin a vapor orsteam chest B in which the h structed to cause a circulation ofthecooling steam or vapor may escape from the water liquid by athermosiphon system. This and collect in the space in the chest abovesystem operates due to the difierence in the liquid level. The vapor orsteam chest B is connected with a downwardly extend: ing return tube orpassage 6' of compara- .tively large cross sectional area terminatingjackets.

in the chest B below the water level, and this passage in turn connectswith a water inlet tube or pipe 6 which terminates in the lower portionsof the engine jackets. The return column of liquid in the uprighttube 1) being freed of steam or vapor, is heavier than the liquid in theengine jackets, so that the liquid in the tube 6 flows downwardly andthat inthe engine jackets flows upwardly, andthe passages b and b andthe steam or vapor chest form connections between the engine jackets andthe tube 1), thus completing a circuit in which the cooling liquid maybe circulated with considerable violence by the force of theebullitional currents. By means of this arrangement acomparativelystrong current is produced which provides a very reliable circulation ofthe cooling medium through the engine In order to produce rapid andviolent ebullitional currents, it is desirable that the jackets of theengine be so designed as to produce as little resistance to the flow ofthe liquid as is possible and care must be taken that the jackets areprovided. with no pockets or recesses in which vapor may collect. Bymeans of this arrangement, the usual liquid circulating pump can beeliminated, thus saving not only the expense of the pump but also thepower necessary to drive the same.

In order to condense the vapor or steam collecting in the upper portionsof the steam 1 suitable passage 0'." The steam passing downwardly intothe radiator is condensed in the radiator and the condensate flows mowerable and unreliable in operation. The liquid level in the steam chest Bmay be controlled in any desired manner to prevent liquid from enteringinto the pipe D, a filling tube or pipe 7) being provided for thispurpose, which is connected with the steam chest and which is open atits upper end. This pipe serves the two-fold purpose of preventing theliquid from rising above the desired level in the steam chest and isalso used for supplying cooling liquid to the engine.

In the radiator C it is necessary to provide means for, permitting thesteam passing into the upper tank of the radiator to displace the air inthe radiator and for this purpose the lower tank is preferablyprovidedwith a discharge valve E which is normally closed by means of a ball 6or the 1 like but which may be opened by pressure in the lower tank.Consequently when the steam presses the air downwardly through theradiator, the air will be discharged from the valve E. After the air hasbeen dis charged, no further discharge'of vapor or liquid will takeplace since pressure in the system will be relieved by the condensationof the vapor in the radiator. If for any reason, however, the vaporpressure in the system becomes excessive due to failure of theradiator'to condense all of the vapor or the liquid level in the tank Dso that in case of excessive pressure, vapor, and not liquid, will bedischarged through thevalve E, thereby conserving the supply of liquidin the system.

In the construction shown in Fig. 2, 1

represents the engine and f the vapor or steam chest. The circulation ofwater due to ebullitional currents takes place through a downwardlyextending pipe f connected downwardly into the lower tank 0 of the(\Wl'th the vapor chest f below the liquid level radiator. Thecondensate is then returned to the cooling liquid through a pipe D, theupper or discharge end of which terminates in the steam or vapor chest Babove the level of the liquid therein. Any suitable means for returningthe condensate to the cooling liquid may be employed, a pump cl beingused in the construction shown in Fig. 1. By returning the condensateinto the steam or vapor bhest B above the liquid level therein, thecircuit through which the vapor and condensate pass is entirely separateand distinct from the. circuit in which the cooling liquid circulates,so that none of the cooling liquid can enter. into the radiator exceptin the form of va or. This eliminates the need for the usual 0 eck valveor pressure employed in systems heretofore used and which has been foundobjectiontherein, and a pipe f leading to the lower the usual upper tankand for this purpose the upper ends of the vapor passages or tubes ofthe radiator are preferably partly closed in any suitable manner, forexample as shown in Fig. 4, a small opening g bemg preferably providedfor each tube or tion, the escape of little of the cooling medium as thetube the vapor escapes with difliculty in,

case the radiator capacity is too small, thus relieving any' excessivepressure, so that as possible is wasted. In a system provided with aradiator of this kind, the pressurein the system under ordinaryoperating conditions is atmospheric and' air may be displaced from theradiating tubes asthe vapor in the radiating tubes increases. With thisconstrucliquid through the discharge holes is practically eliminated.

The condensate collects in the bottom of the lower tank 9 of theradiator and is returned to the circulating liquid by means of a pump Hwhich causes the liquid to flow upwardly through a pipe or tube 11. intothe steam or vapor chest f above the level of the liquid therein. to thesystem through a tube or pipe h which also prevents the liquid in thesystem from rising above the desired level.-

In the arrangement ofthe parts shown in Fig. 3, the radiator is arrangedon a higher level than the jackets of the engine. In this construction,I represents the water jackets of an engine and i the vapor or steamchest. The cooling liquid is circulated from the vapor or steam chest tothe lower portions of the water jackets, due to ebullit-ional currents,through a pipe 11'. In this case, the vapor passes upwardly from thesteam chest into the lower tank is of a radiator K through a pipe is.The-condensate is returned to the vapor or steam chest by means of apipe In this case the upper tank 10 of theradiator may be eliminated asin thecase of the radiator shown in Fig. 2, or if a tank is provided, apipe is is preferably connected therewith which is. open to theatmosphere so that air in the radiator may be discharged through thispipe, or in Ease of excessive vapor pressure,-vapor may be dischargedthrough the pipe is, which may be open to the atmosphere or which may beprovided with any suitable type of pressure valve (not shown), in caseit is desired to operate the system under pressure, and con sequently.at a difierent temperature. 70 represents the filling tube or pipe whichalso serves the purpose of preventing the liquid from rising above thedesired level.

The cooling system described has the advantage of eliminating thenecessity of using the ordinary circulating pump due to the fact thatthe necessary circulation of the cooling li uid is obtained byebullitional currents. y returning the condensate to the vapor or steamchest above the level of the liquid therein, the cooling system is Watermay be supplied divided into two separate circuits, which has theadvantage of preventing the liquid from flooding the radiator and thusinterfering with the operation of the system, and also of eliminatingthe use of check valves or other means heretofore used, for keeping thecirculating liquid out of the radiator. By means of the constructionshown in Figs. 2 to 4 inclusive, .the construction of raditors used .in,connection with systems of this kind is facilitated since the upper tankusually employed may be dispensed with, thereby saving the cost of theupper tank.

"I claim as my invention:

-1. In a cooling system for an internal combustion engine, havingjackets for a cooling liquid which are in communication at their upperportions, a circuit for the cooling liquid of very low friction head, of

negligible cooling capacity, and of very low static head in serieswithand including said jackets in which circulation is effected only dueto heat imparted to the cooling liquid in the engine jackets, a vaporchest which is partially filled with liquid and in which vapor collectsabove the liquid level therein, the part of said chest-below the liquidlevel beingincluded in said circuit. and a downflow passage ofrelatively large cross section, conducting liquid from said chest to thelower portions of said jackets, a condenser to one end of which thevapor collecting in said chest above the liquid level therein isadmitted, and a vent for discharging from the other end of saidcondenser the.

air displaced by the vapor.

2. In a cooling system for an internal combustion engine having jacketsfor a cooling liquid, a passage immediately above said jackets andconnecting the same, a vapor chest whose lower portion contains coolingliquid, said jackets, said passage and said lower portion of the chestforming a series circuit for the cooling liquid, whose resistance isreduced to a minimum firstly b CIYOSS sectional area and secondly bymaking the liquid head above the jackets very low and equal to or lessthan the sum of the liquid heads in said passage and said chest, wherebya positive circulation is set up by the ebullitional currents in thejackets, a

radiator which is normally empty tor con- NICHOLAS S. DIAMANT.

the use of connections of relatively large j

